![]() ![]() The Mayo Clinic stated there was no good evidence that it affected eczema, diabetic neuropathy or premenstrual syndrome. A Cochrane review concluded that there was no effect of primrose oil on eczema. There is not enough clinical evidence to support the use of evening primrose oil as a therapy for any medical condition. Mainly for these polyunsaturated fatty acids, evening primrose oil is sold as a dietary supplement. Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), and linoleic acid are present. The proteins are especially rich in the sulphur-containing amino acids, methionine and cysteine, and tryptophan. The seeds have a protein content of about 15%, an oil content of 24%, and contain about 43% cellulose. The flower buds are denoted as a delicacy and can be harvested from June to October. They have to be peeled and can then be eaten raw or fried. The flowering stems are preferably used when they are still young in June. Anishinaabe tribes traditionally make tea from the evening primrose leaves for use as a dietary aid and to reduce fatigue. The leaves can be eaten raw in salads or cooked like spinach or in soups. The roots can be eaten raw or cooked like potatoes. ![]() Most of the plant parts are edible, having a taste that is mild. The evening primrose was introduced to Europe in the early 17th century as an ornamental plant in botanical gardens where its flowers are favored for nectar by pollinators and its seeds supply food for other birds. Over the centuries, Indigenous people in North America have used the plant as food and traditional medicine. The seeds of the plant are important food for birds, and it is a larval host for both the primrose moth and the white-lined sphinx moth. The fruit is a capsule 2–4 cm ( 3⁄ 4– 1 + 1⁄ 2 in) long and 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) broad, containing numerous 1–2 mm (0.04–0.08 in) long seeds, released when the capsule splits into four sections at maturity. This pattern is apparent under ultraviolet light and visible to its pollinators, moths, butterflies, and bees. The flower structure has a bright nectar guide pattern, invisible to the naked eye. The blooms are yellow, 2.5–5 cm (1–2 in) diameter, with four bilobed petals. They open visibly fast every evening producing an interesting spectacle, hence the name "evening primrose". The flowers are hermaphrodite, produced on a tall spike and only last until the following noon. The leaves are lanceolate, 8–18 cm (3–7 in) long and 2–6 cm ( 3⁄ 4– 2 + 1⁄ 4 in) wide, produced in a tight rosette the first year, and spirally on a stem the second year.īlooming lasts from late spring to late summer. Oenothera biennis has a life span of two years ( biennial) growing to 1.6 m (5 ft 3 in) tall. ![]()
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